What is a cartridge that is loaded with an insufficient amount of powder called?

A cartridge loaded with an insufficient amount of powder is known as a squib load. This term specifically refers to a type of malfunction in firearms where the round does not generate enough energy to exit the barrel. Typically, this happens when there is a loading error with the powder charge being too low.

This condition can be particularly dangerous, as the bullet may become lodged in the barrel, potentially leading to a more severe malfunction if another round is fired afterward. Proper identification of a squib load is critical for firearm safety, as it requires immediate attention and correct handling to avoid accidents.

Other terms provided in the question refer to different kinds of malfunctions. A misfire is when the primer fails to ignite the cartridge due to various reasons; a hangfire is an unexpected delay between pulling the trigger and the cartridge firing; and a dud cartridge is one that fails to fire altogether, typically due to a defective primer. Each of these represents different issues related to ammunition and firearm operation, but they do not describe the condition associated with insufficient powder in a cartridge.